DÉCOLLETÉ SPECIAL

INCI declaration of ingredients:

Aqua, Butylene Glycol, Urea, Sorbitol, Salvia Officinalis Extract, Humulus Lupulus Extract, Xanthan Gum, Carbomer, Tetrahydroxypropyl Ethylenediamine, Hyaluronic Acid

Further explanations of the ingredients:

Aqua:
Water. It makes up approximately 65% of the human body's weight and is therefore of fundamental importance for bodily functions, including those of the skin. In many cosmetic products (aqueous solutions, cleaning agents, emulsions), water is the ingredient with the largest quantitative proportion in the formulation and forms the basis of the aqueous phase in emulsions. Water is a good solvent for polar (hydrophilic) substances such as alcohols, water-soluble vitamins, or salts. For use in cosmetic products, the water used is generally pretreated to remove microorganisms that could lead to product spoilage or dissolved salts that could potentially impair the stability of emulsions or gels (sterilization and desalination).

Butylene Glycol:
Solvent with moisturizing effect on the skin, very good tolerability, should be preferred to propylene glycol in daily used products

Urea:
Water-soluble urea is used in numerous cosmetic products. Urea is a component of the natural moisturizing factors of the stratum corneum (content between 7% and 12%; up to half that in chronically dry skin) and has a high water-binding capacity. It contributes to the long-lasting moisturization of the skin and reduces transepidermal water loss. Urea has a keratoplastic effect, and in higher concentrations, a keratolytic effect, and is therefore also used to care for skin affected by psoriasis or atopic dermatitis (neurodermatitis). Urea is also able to reduce the irritating potential of surfactants.

Sorbitol:
Water-soluble glucoside with moisturizing properties, excellent skin and mucous membrane tolerance.

Salvia Officinalis Extract:
Sage extract: Has an astringent and circulation-stimulating effect.

Humulus Lupulus Extract:
Hop extract: Plant active ingredient, firming, strengthening, toning and circulation-stimulating, contains phytoestrogens.

Xanthan Gum:
Polysaccharide, a natural gelling agent with very good skin-compatible properties, is obtained biotechnologically.

Carbomer:
A neutral, highly skin-compatible polyacrylate-based gelling agent. Contrary to various claims, it does not contain "microplastics."

Tetrahydroxypropyl Ethylenediamine:
Used to neutralize polyacrylate gel (carbomer), reacts alkaline in water.

Hyaluronic Acid:
Is a natural component of connective tissue and the extracellular matrix of the dermis. Chemically, it is a long-chain polymer made up of two saccharides (sugars). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is capable of binding much higher amounts of water relative to its own weight. In this way, it can increase the skin's moisture content and tighten the skin through swelling, thereby reducing wrinkles. Depending on the chain length of the HA molecules, they can penetrate the skin to different depths and exert their effect there. Long-chain hyaluronic acid is better suited to skin hydration than the short-chain versions, but penetrates the skin less well. However, there is no reliable evidence that hyaluronic acid – regardless of the chain length – penetrates to the desired site of action, the dermis (leather skin). It cannot penetrate the two barriers of the stratum corneum and the basement membrane. Commercially available types have 50, 130, 300, 800, and 2,000 kDa. Penetration is considered possible from 25 kDa, although a pro-inflammatory effect may be observed under certain circumstances. Therefore, the use of long-chain hyaluronic acid is most effective for the treatment of dry skin. Cosmetic products generally use the more soluble sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (INCI: Sodium Hyaluronate). The mode of action of both forms is identical.